Then, Intel Z390 chipset (Southbridge) is connected to CPU via DMI (Direct Media Interface) 3.0 bus that is based on PCIe bus. the motherboard supports direct connection between CPU and PCIe SSD. the graphics card is connected to CPU via PCIe bus b. But there are two points you should pay attention to: a. Similarly, the graphics card and memory are directly connected to CPU. In this motherboard, Northbridge is totally integrated into CPU, so there are only two main parts: CPU and Southbridge (Intel calls it I/O Control Hub or Platform Controller Hub). The above picture shows the structure of Intel Z390 motherboard that was launched at October 8, 2018. A typical motherboard structure based on PCIe is shown like the following picture: In addition, it is gradually taking place of SATA and USB buses.
What is PCI Express? PCI Express, also called PCIe/PCI-E, is the successor of PCI and AGP. Read More What Does PCI Express Do in a PC? LPC bus is mainly responsible for connecting common low-speed devices like BIOS, keyboard, mouse, floppy disk, etc. PCI bus is mainly responsible for connecting devices like network card, audio card, and SCSI card. Under Southbridge, there are many buses: PCI, LPC (Low Pin Count), SATA, USB, etc. The Southbridge chip is mainly responsible for data exchange of low-speed devices like floppy drive, hard disk, keyboard, and add-in card. Then, Southbridge is connected to Northbridge via an internal bus (like Hub-Link). The Northbridge chip is mainly responsible for controlling data exchange between CPU and high-speed devices ( AGP graphics card, memory). CPU and Northbridge chip are connected via FSB (Front Side Bus). This structure is a typical North-South Bridge chip structure based on PCI bus. Many years ago (around 2000-2010), the computer motherboard is constructed like the following picture:
Then, how does it work in computers? I will explain that in this part. PCI is shorthand for Peripheral Component Interconnect, which is a local bus in PC. It is a transmission wiring harness composed of wires. Bus is a common communication trunk line for transmitting information between various functional parts of a computer. In the computer, if different devices want to exchange data, they must do that via a certain channel, that is, bus. Are you confused about PCI and PCIe? If you don't know how to distinguish them, you can read this post, in which MiniTool explains their differences to you from 4 aspects: function, appearance, speed, and compatibility.
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